When the three objects line up during either new moon or full moon, the lunar tide attains maximum amplitude. This oceanic surface height further varies according to the lunar phase of new moon, first quarter, full moon, and third quarter, which reflects the relative positions between the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth. The span of time that it takes for the Moon’s disk to change from all dark to all light to all dark again is called the lunar month or phase, which is about 29.53 days. The lowest oceanic surface height between the two tidal bulges is termed low tide. For thousands of years, human beings, especially those of maritime trades such as sailors and fishermen, have known that the oceanic surface height (i.e., tidal bulge, high tide) yields prominent variations with a period of about 12.42 h, termed the semidiurnal lunar tide 1 due to the Moon’s gravitational force and the Earth’s rotation.
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